Letter Pairs Help Tool


The table shows the number of occurrences in the ciphertext of each possible pair of letters. The number of each square indicates how many times the letter heading the column is followed by the letter at the start of the row.

The most common letter pairs (digraphs) in the ciphertext may represent the most common digraphs in English, which are TH, ER, ON, AN, RE, HE, IN, ED, ND, HA.

Clicking on the Asymmetry button will help you identify which digraph represents HE.